{"id":26347,"date":"2024-02-13T21:17:08","date_gmt":"2024-02-13T21:17:08","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/alnamozag.com\/highschool\/?p=26347"},"modified":"2026-01-06T17:18:46","modified_gmt":"2026-01-06T17:18:46","slug":"chemistry-first-secondary-grade","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/alnamozag.com\/highschool\/chemistry-first-secondary-grade\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a"},"content":{"rendered":"\r\n

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\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0626\u064a\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0630\u0644\u0643.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0621<\/a><\/h3>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

\u062a\u0648\u0636\u0651\u062d \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0621<\/a> \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0623\u062a\u064a:<\/h4>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

\u0627\u0644\u0630\u0631\u0629:<\/strong><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

\"\u0627\u0644\u0630\u0631\u0647\r\n
\u0627\u0644\u0630\u0631\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a<\/figcaption>\r\n<\/figure>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

(\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629: Atom)\u061b \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0623\u0635\u063a\u0631 \u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u060c
\u0648\u062a\u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0646\u0642\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0627\u062a\u064d \u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0631\u064a:<\/strong>
(\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629: Atomic Number)\u061b \u0648\u064a\u064f\u0633\u0627\u0648\u064a \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0648\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0631\u0629.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0631\u064a\u0629:<\/strong>
(\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629: Atomic Mass)\u061b \u0648\u062a\u064f\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u062a\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u064f\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0643\u062a\u0644 \u0630\u0631\u064a\u0629 (amu)\u060c \u0648\u062a\u064f\u0633\u0627\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0646\u064a\u0648\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0629.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0636:<\/strong>
(\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629: Acid)\u061b \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0623\u064a \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0644\u0643\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0648\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0646 \u0641\u0642\u062f\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062a\u0623\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0631 \u0623\u0646\u0651\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u064f\u0643\u0648\u0651\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0645\u0648\u0636\u062a\u0647\u0627 (PH) \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0646 7.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

\"\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0636\r\n
\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0636 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a<\/figcaption>\r\n<\/figure>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629:<\/strong>
(\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629: Base)\u061b \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0623\u064a\u0651 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628 \u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0643\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0628 (HO-)\u060c \u0623\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0651\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0644\u0641\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0648\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0646 \u0643\u0633\u0628\u0647\u0627\u060c<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

\u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0645\u0646\u062d \u0632\u0648\u062c\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0648\u0636\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646 7.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628:<\/strong>
(\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629: Compound)\u061b \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0648\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0628\u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0644\u0647.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631:<\/strong>
(\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629: Element)\u061b \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0641\u0635\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0630\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0631\u064a.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0621:<\/strong>
(\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629: Molcule)\u061b \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0623\u0635\u063a\u0631 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0651\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0630\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631\u060c \u0648\u064a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0648\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0650\u0651\u0646 \u0644\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/h1>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

\u062a\u062f\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 (\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629: Thermodynamics) \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u063a\u0644 \u0648\u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649\u060c \u0648\u062a\u064f\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0641 \u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u0651\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629\u060c<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062f\u0631\u0633 \u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0648\u064a\u064f\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0651\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0647\u064a \u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0647\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/h3>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

\u062a\u062a\u0641\u0631\u0651\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 4 \u0641\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0644\u0622\u062a\u064a:<\/h4>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629:<\/strong>
(\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629: Classical Thermodynamics) \u0648\u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u062d\u0644\u0651\u0644 \u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0646\u0647\u062c \u0645\u062c\u0647\u0631\u064a \u0645\u062e\u0628\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0625\u0630 \u062a\u0624\u062e\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u064f\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0629\u060c<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

\u0625\u0630 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0648\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u0648\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629:<\/strong>
(\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629: Statistical Thermodynamics) \u064a\u064f\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0639 \u0628\u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0643\u0644\u0651 \u062c\u0632\u064a\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0632\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0641\u0635\u0644\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u064f\u0631\u0643\u0651\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0643\u0644\u0651 \u062c\u0632\u064a\u0621\u060c<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639 \u0628\u0639\u0636\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u0636\u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629:<\/strong>
(\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629: Chemical Thermodynamics) \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u063a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062c\u0632 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u062f\u0631\u0633 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u0646\u062f \u062a\u063a\u064a\u0651\u0631 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646:<\/strong>
(\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629: Equilibrium Thermodynamics) \u062a\u062f\u0631\u0633 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u0651\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a<\/h1>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n
\"\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0633\r\n
\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a<\/figcaption>\r\n<\/figure>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0651\u0641 \u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a
(\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0651\u0629: Global Warming) \u0623\u0648 \u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0641\u064a\u0626\u0629 (\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629: Greenhouse)\u060c\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0651\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0651\u0644 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0651\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636\u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0636\u064a\u064a\u0646.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

\u0648\u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062d\u0628\u0633 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0633 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u062f\u062e\u0648\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0651\u0627 \u064a\u0631\u0641\u0639 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636 \u0648\u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062f\u0641\u0626\u0627\u064b\u060c<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

\u0648\u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0645\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0635 \u063a\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u064a \u0643\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0643\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0633 \u0648\u062d\u0628\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636 \u0645\u0645\u0651\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

\u0623\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a<\/h3>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u00a0 –\u00a0 \u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629\u00a0 \u00a0–\u00a0 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0646\u00a0 –\u00a0 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0633\u064a<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/h3>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629<\/a> \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644\u064d \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d\u064d \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0641\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0628\u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u062a\u0647\u060c<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

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\u0645\u0645\u0651\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b \u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u064a\u0651 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0643\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0628\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u064a “\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0621” \u0648\u0627\u0644\u063a\u064a\u0648\u0645.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629<\/h3>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

\u062a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0642\u062f\u0629\u061b \u0641\u0647\u064a \u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629\u064d \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

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\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0646<\/h3>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

\u062a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u064f\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0625\u0646\u0651 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062b \u062b\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u064a\u0646<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

\u0623\u062f\u0651\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0646\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062b \u0643\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0627\u062a\u064d \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629\u064d \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0641\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u060c \u0643\u0628\u062e\u0627\u0631\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0643\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0633\u064a<\/h3>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

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\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0639\u0634\u0631 \u0628\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629\u064d \u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e\u064a\u0651\u0629\u064d \u062a\u0633\u0645\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u0645\u0651 \u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u062a\u0634\u0643\u0651\u0644\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0634\u0639\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u062e\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0629\u060c<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

\u0625\u0630 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0628\u0646\u062d\u0648 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629\u064d \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0621<\/h1>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n
\"\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\r\n
\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0633
\u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a<\/figcaption>\r\n<\/figure>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0621<\/h3>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

\u064a\u0639\u0628\u0651\u0631 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0635\u0641 \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0651\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0651 \u064a\u0633\u0627\u0648\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0651\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0651\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644 \u0637\u0631\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0651.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

\u0627\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0641 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0633<\/h3>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

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\u0646\u0635\u0651 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u062a\u0635\u0651\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0651\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u064a \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064d \u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u064d\u0651 \u0647\u064a \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0651\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u064f\u062c\u0631\u064a\u062a \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u060c<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

\u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0633 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u0627\u064b \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646\u0641\u0635\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0651\u0647 \u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

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\u0634\u0631\u062d \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0633<\/a><\/h3>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

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\u0648\u064a\u0639\u0628\u0651\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0646\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0651\u0627\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629\u060c<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

\u062d\u064a\u062b \u062d\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0648\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644 \u0637\u0631\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0628\u063a\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u060c<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

\u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0651\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0651\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0633\u0651\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u0643\u0644: (\u0623+\u0628+\u062c= \u0623* \u0628*\u062c) \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0651\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u060c<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0651\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0629: (\u0623+\u0628=\u0623\u0628 \u0648 \u0623\u0628+\u062c=\u0623*\u0628*\u062c) \u062b\u0645\u0651 \u062c\u0645\u0639\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064b.<\/p>\r\n

 <\/p>\r\n

FAQ<\/h2>\r\n

\u06331: \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0621\u061f<\/strong><\/h3>\r\n

\u062c: \u0647\u0648 \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u064a\u062e\u062a\u0635 \u0628\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0648\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0628\u0646\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0628\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u062a\u0635\u0629 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\r\n

\r\n

\u06332: \u0645\u0645\u0651\u064e \u062a\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f\u061f<\/strong><\/h3>\r\n

\u062c: \u062a\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0630\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u0631\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0623\u0635\u063a\u0631 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a.<\/p>\r\n

\r\n

\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u064b\u0627: \u0641\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0621<\/strong><\/h2>\r\n

\u06333: \u0643\u0645 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0641\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629\u061f<\/strong><\/h3>\r\n

\u062c: \u062e\u0645\u0633\u0629 \u0641\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\r\n

\r\n

\u06334: \u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0635\u0648\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629\u061f<\/strong><\/h3>\r\n

\u062c: \u0647\u064a \u0641\u0631\u0639 \u064a\u062e\u062a\u0635 \u0628\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0648\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0646\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0643\u0645\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\r\n

\r\n

\u06335: \u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0635\u0648\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629\u061f<\/strong><\/h3>\r\n

\u062c: \u0647\u064a \u0641\u0631\u0639 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0626\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0636.<\/p>\r\n

\r\n

\u06336: \u0645\u0627 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0636\u0648\u064a\u0629\u061f<\/strong><\/h3>\r\n

\u062c: \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u062e\u0648\u0631.<\/p>\r\n

\r\n

\u06337: \u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u062a\u062f\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629\u061f<\/strong><\/h3>\r\n

\u062c: \u062a\u062f\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0631\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629.<\/p>\r\n

\r\n

\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u064b\u0627: \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/h2>\r\n

\u06338: \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0631\u0629\u061f<\/strong><\/h3>\r\n

\u062c: \u0647\u064a \u0623\u0635\u063a\u0631 \u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0648\u064a\u062d\u062a\u0641\u0638 \u0628\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0647.<\/p>\r\n

\r\n

\u06339: \u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0635\u0648\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0631\u064a\u061f<\/strong><\/h3>\r\n

\u062c: \u0647\u0648 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0648\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0631\u0629.<\/p>\r\n

\r\n

\u063310: \u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0635\u0648\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0631\u064a\u0629\u061f<\/strong><\/h3>\r\n

\u062c: \u0647\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u0648\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0648\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0633 \u0628\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0631\u064a\u0629 (amu).<\/p>\r\n

\r\n

\u063311: \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0636\u061f<\/strong><\/h3>\r\n

\u062c: \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0623\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0644\u062a\u0639\u0637\u064a \u0623\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0645\u0648\u0636\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0646 7.<\/p>\r\n

\r\n

\u063312: \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629\u061f<\/strong><\/h3>\r\n

\u062c: \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0643\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0628 (OH\u207b)\u060c \u0648\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0645\u0648\u0636\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0646 7.<\/p>\r\n

\r\n

\u063313: \u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0635\u0648\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u061f<\/strong><\/h3>\r\n

\u062c: \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0648\u062a\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0635 \u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\r\n

\r\n

\u063314: \u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0642 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u061f<\/strong><\/h3>\r\n

\u062c: \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631 \u064a\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0631\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628 \u0641\u064a\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631.<\/p>\r\n

\r\n

\u063315: \u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0635\u0648\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0621\u061f<\/strong><\/h3>\r\n

\u062c: \u0623\u0635\u063a\u0631 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\r\n

\r\n

\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639\u064b\u0627: \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/h2>\r\n

\u063316: \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629\u061f<\/strong><\/h3>\r\n

\u062c: \u0647\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u064a\u062f\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u063a\u0644 \u0648\u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\r\n

\r\n

\u063317: \u0643\u0645 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0641\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629\u061f<\/strong><\/h3>\r\n

\u062c: \u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u0631\u0648\u0639.<\/p>\r\n

\r\n

\u063318: \u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629\u061f<\/strong><\/h3>\r\n

\u062c: \u062a\u062f\u0631\u0633 \u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0648\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\r\n

\r\n

\u063319: \u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629\u061f<\/strong><\/h3>\r\n

\u062c: \u062a\u062f\u0631\u0633 \u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646\u0641\u0631\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0639 \u0628\u0639\u0636\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\r\n

\r\n

\u063320: \u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629\u061f<\/strong><\/h3>\r\n

\u062c: \u062a\u062f\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u063a\u0644 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\r\n

\r\n

\u063321: \u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0635\u0648\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646\u061f<\/strong><\/h3>\r\n

\u062c: \u062a\u062f\u0631\u0633 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646.<\/p>\r\n

\r\n

\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0633\u064b\u0627: \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a<\/strong><\/h2>\r\n

\u063322: \u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0635\u0648\u062f \u0628\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u061f<\/strong><\/h3>\r\n

\u062c: \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636 \u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0633 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0633 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u064a.<\/p>\r\n

\r\n

\u063323: \u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u061f<\/strong><\/h3>\r\n

\u062c: \u0627\u0645\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0641\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0643\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0633 \u0648\u062d\u0628\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u0642\u0631\u0628 \u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636.<\/p>\r\n

\r\n

\u063324: \u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u061f<\/strong><\/h3>\r\n

\u062c:<\/p>\r\n

    \r\n
  • \r\n

    \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n

  • \r\n

    \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629<\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n

  • \r\n

    \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0646<\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n

  • \r\n

    \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0633\u064a<\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n

    \r\n

    \u063325: \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u062a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u061f<\/strong><\/h3>\r\n

    \u062c: \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062d\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0641\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0646\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0641\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648.<\/p>\r\n

    \r\n

    \u063326: \u0645\u0627 \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u061f<\/strong><\/h3>\r\n

    \u062c: \u062a\u0637\u0644\u0642 \u0643\u0645\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0641\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0628\u062e\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0643\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646.<\/p>\r\n

    \r\n

    \u063327: \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0633\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636\u061f<\/strong><\/h3>\r\n

    \u062c: \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0633 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636.<\/p>\r\n

    \r\n

    \u0633\u0627\u062f\u0633\u064b\u0627: \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0633<\/strong><\/h2>\r\n

    \u063328: \u0645\u0627 \u0646\u0635 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0633\u061f<\/strong><\/h3>\r\n

    \u062c: \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a \u064a\u0633\u0627\u0648\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644\u0647.<\/p>\r\n

    \r\n

    \u063329: \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0641 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0633\u061f<\/strong><\/h3>\r\n

    \u062c: \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u064a\u062f\u064a \u062c\u064a\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0631\u064a \u0647\u0633.<\/p>\r\n

    \r\n

    \u063330: \u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0633\u061f<\/strong><\/h3>\r\n

    \u062c: \u064a\u0633\u0647\u0644 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0635\u0639\u0628 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629.<\/p>\r\n

    \r\n

    \u063331: \u0645\u062a\u0649 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0394H \u0633\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0629\u061f<\/strong><\/h3>\r\n

    \u062c: \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0646\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 (\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0637\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629).<\/p>\r\n

    \r\n

    \u063332: \u0645\u062a\u0649 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0394H \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0628\u0629\u061f<\/strong><\/h3>\r\n

    \u062c: \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0645\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 (\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0645\u0627\u0635 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629).<\/p>\r\n

    \r\n

    \u063333: \u0644\u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0633 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u061f<\/strong><\/h3>\r\n

    \u062c: \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\r\n\r\n

    \u00a0<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0631\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0645\u0646\u0635\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0634\u0631\u062d \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0631\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \/\u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0621 -\u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0621 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