{"id":27021,"date":"2024-04-20T16:42:27","date_gmt":"2024-04-20T16:42:27","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/alnamozag.com\/highschool\/?post_type=courses&p=27021"},"modified":"2024-08-12T09:30:44","modified_gmt":"2024-08-12T09:30:44","slug":"chemistry-review-for-the-first-secondary-grade59","status":"publish","type":"courses","link":"https:\/\/alnamozag.com\/highschool\/courses\/chemistry-review-for-the-first-secondary-grade59\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a"},"content":{"rendered":"

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\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0626\u064a\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0630\u0644\u0643.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0621<\/a><\/h3>\n

\u062a\u0648\u0636\u0651\u062d \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0621<\/a> \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0623\u062a\u064a:<\/h4>\n
\n

\u0627\u0644\u0630\u0631\u0629:<\/strong><\/p>\n

\"\u0627\u0644\u0630\u0631\u0647
\u0627\u0644\u0630\u0631\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

(\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629: Atom)\u061b \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0623\u0635\u063a\u0631 \u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u060c
\n\u0648\u062a\u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0646\u0642\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0627\u062a\u064d \u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0631\u064a: <\/strong>
\n(\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629: Atomic Number)\u061b \u0648\u064a\u064f\u0633\u0627\u0648\u064a \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0648\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0631\u0629.<\/div>\n
\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0631\u064a\u0629:<\/strong>
\n(\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629: Atomic Mass)\u061b \u0648\u062a\u064f\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u062a\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u064f\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0643\u062a\u0644 \u0630\u0631\u064a\u0629 (amu)\u060c \u0648\u062a\u064f\u0633\u0627\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0646\u064a\u0648\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0629.<\/div>\n
\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0636: <\/strong>
\n(\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629: Acid)\u061b \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0623\u064a \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0644\u0643\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0648\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0646 \u0641\u0642\u062f\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062a\u0623\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0631 \u0623\u0646\u0651\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u064f\u0643\u0648\u0651\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0645\u0648\u0636\u062a\u0647\u0627 (PH) \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0646 7.<\/p>\n
\"\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0636
\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0636 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n
\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629:<\/strong>
\n(\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629: Base)\u061b \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0623\u064a\u0651 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628 \u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0643\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0628 (HO-)\u060c \u0623\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0651\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0644\u0641\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0648\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0646 \u0643\u0633\u0628\u0647\u0627\u060c<\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
\n

\u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0645\u0646\u062d \u0632\u0648\u062c\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0648\u0636\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646 7.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628:<\/strong>
\n(\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629: Compound)\u061b \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0648\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0628\u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0644\u0647.<\/div>\n
\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631:<\/strong>
\n(\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629: Element)\u061b \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0641\u0635\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0630\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0631\u064a.<\/div>\n
\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0621: <\/strong>
\n(\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629: Molcule)\u061b \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0623\u0635\u063a\u0631 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0651\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0630\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631\u060c \u0648\u064a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0648\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0650\u0651\u0646 \u0644\u0647\u0627.<\/div>\n
\n

\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/h1>\n
\n
\u062a\u062f\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 (\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629: Thermodynamics) \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u063a\u0644 \u0648\u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649\u060c \u0648\u062a\u064f\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0641 \u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u0651\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629\u060c<\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
\n

\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062f\u0631\u0633 \u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0648\u064a\u064f\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0651\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0647\u064a \u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0647\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/h3>\n

\u062a\u062a\u0641\u0631\u0651\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 4 \u0641\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0644\u0622\u062a\u064a:<\/h4>\n
\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629:<\/strong>
\n(\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629: Classical Thermodynamics) \u0648\u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u062d\u0644\u0651\u0644 \u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0646\u0647\u062c \u0645\u062c\u0647\u0631\u064a \u0645\u062e\u0628\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0625\u0630 \u062a\u0624\u062e\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u064f\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0629\u060c<\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
\n

\u0625\u0630 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0648\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u0648\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629:<\/strong>
\n(\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629: Statistical Thermodynamics) \u064a\u064f\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0639 \u0628\u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0643\u0644\u0651 \u062c\u0632\u064a\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0632\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0641\u0635\u0644\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u064f\u0631\u0643\u0651\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0643\u0644\u0651 \u062c\u0632\u064a\u0621\u060c<\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
\n

\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639 \u0628\u0639\u0636\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u0636\u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629: <\/strong>
\n(\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629: Chemical Thermodynamics) \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u063a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062c\u0632 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u062f\u0631\u0633 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u0646\u062f \u062a\u063a\u064a\u0651\u0631 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f.<\/div>\n
\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646:<\/strong>
\n(\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629: Equilibrium Thermodynamics) \u062a\u062f\u0631\u0633 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u0651\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646.<\/div>\n
\n

\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a<\/h1>\n
\"\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0633
\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n
\n
\n
\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0651\u0641 \u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a
\n(\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0651\u0629: Global Warming) \u0623\u0648 \u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0641\u064a\u0626\u0629 (\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629: Greenhouse)\u060c\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0651\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0651\u0644 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0651\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636\u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0636\u064a\u064a\u0646.<\/div>\n
\u0648\u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062d\u0628\u0633 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0633 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u062f\u062e\u0648\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0651\u0627 \u064a\u0631\u0641\u0639 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636 \u0648\u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062f\u0641\u0626\u0627\u064b\u060c<\/div>\n
\u0648\u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0645\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0635 \u063a\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u064a \u0643\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0643\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0633 \u0648\u062d\u0628\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636 \u0645\u0645\u0651\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636.<\/div>\n

\u0623\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a<\/h3>\n
\n

\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u00a0 –\u00a0 \u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629\u00a0 \u00a0–\u00a0 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0646\u00a0 –\u00a0 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0633\u064a<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/h3>\n
\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629<\/a> \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644\u064d \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d\u064d \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0641\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0628\u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u062a\u0647\u060c<\/div>\n
\u0625\u0630 \u0625\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0641\u0648\u0631\u064a \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0646\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0641\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0643\u063a\u0627\u0632 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0643\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u060c<\/div>\n
\n

\u0645\u0645\u0651\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b \u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u064a\u0651 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0643\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0628\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u064a “\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0621” \u0648\u0627\u0644\u063a\u064a\u0648\u0645.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629<\/h3>\n
\n

\u062a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0642\u062f\u0629\u061b \u0641\u0647\u064a \u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629\u064d \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c<\/p>\n

\u0648\u064a\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0636\u0631 \u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0645\u0627\u060c<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0646<\/h3>\n
\n

\u062a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u064f\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0625\u0646\u0651 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062b \u062b\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u064a\u0646<\/p>\n

\u0623\u062f\u0651\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0646\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062b \u0643\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0627\u062a\u064d \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629\u064d \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0641\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u060c \u0643\u0628\u062e\u0627\u0631\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0643\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0633\u064a<\/h3>\n
\n

\u062a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064f\u0651\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0633\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0647 \u0643\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0647\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c<\/p>\n

\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0639\u0634\u0631 \u0628\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629\u064d \u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e\u064a\u0651\u0629\u064d \u062a\u0633\u0645\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u0645\u0651 \u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u062a\u0634\u0643\u0651\u0644\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0634\u0639\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u062e\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0629\u060c<\/p>\n

\u0625\u0630 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0628\u0646\u062d\u0648 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629\u064d \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0621<\/h1>\n
\n
\n
\"\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646
\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0633
\u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n

\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0621<\/a><\/h3>\n

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 <\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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